A formulary is an approved list of medications that healthcare professionals within a primary care network are recommended to prescribe. It includes information on approved drugs, their indications, dosages, and any prescribing restrictions. Formularies help to standardise prescribing practices, ensure cost-effectiveness, and promote evidence-based medicine.
Primary Care Networks use formularies to promote consistent, high-quality, and cost-effective prescribing across member practices. Formularies help PCNs reduce unwarranted variation in prescribing, incorporate national guidance into local practice, contain medication costs, and ensure patient safety. They also support prescribers in making evidence-based decisions and facilitate easier integration with wider NHS systems.
Medications are selected for a formulary through a systematic process typically overseen by a medicines management committee. The selection criteria include clinical effectiveness (based on robust evidence), safety profile, cost-effectiveness compared to alternatives, alignment with NICE guidance, patient factors (such as ease of use), and local population needs. The process often involves input from GPs, pharmacists, specialists, and occasionally patient representatives.
National formularies, like the British National Formulary (BNF), provide comprehensive information on all licensed medications in the UK. Local formularies, developed by PCNs or Clinical Commissioning Groups, are tailored lists of preferred medications for specific populations. Local formularies consider regional factors such as local disease prevalence, existing prescribing patterns, specialist service availability, and area-specific budgetary constraints, creating more contextually relevant guidance for local prescribers.
Electronic formularies improve prescribing by integrating with clinical systems to provide real-time guidance during consultations. They offer instant access to up-to-date prescribing information, automate alerts for contraindications or interactions, simplify selection of approved medications, reduce prescribing errors, and facilitate audit and monitoring of prescribing patterns. This technology supports clinicians in making safer, more consistent, and cost-effective prescribing decisions at the point of care.
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